Representation in the mind
Everything we see and know is represented in our minds. This biological mechanism of this representation process is perhaps the most central issue in scientific research today; the EUR 1 billion funding programme of the European Union and the similarly abundant research programmes of the USA are all pushing research into this direction—and they do so with good prospects. Presently, however, we are not supposed to act as if we already had the future results, neither from a utopian nor from a preconceived mindset. This means that, for practical reasons, we do best if we exclude the philosophical thoughts and suspend the debates of varying quality and showing various motives which accompanied the 3,000-year-long history of science, and turn our attention to what is useful to us from the examination of psychological phenomena separated from these ontological issues.
A key point here is that these representations have limitations compared to reality. Those things are represented in our minds and thinking and in such a way that has significance to what we experience.
By generalising the visual experience, we can call these figures (shapes). Ultimately, they are similar to the systems and system elements that we discussed in the introduction.